diff --git a/frontend/src/components/BillingCycleSelector.tsx b/frontend/src/components/BillingCycleSelector.tsx
index 9a5444d..4ef010e 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/BillingCycleSelector.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/components/BillingCycleSelector.tsx
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ export default function BillingCycleSelector({ value, onChange }: Props) {
           <SelectValue />
         </SelectTrigger>
         <SelectContent>
-          <SelectItem value="all">All time</SelectItem>
+          <SelectItem value="all">Todo el período</SelectItem>
           {cycles.map((c) => (
             <SelectItem key={`${c.year}-${c.month}`} value={`${c.year}-${c.month}`}>
               {c.label} ({c.count})
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/budget/YearlyOverview.tsx b/frontend/src/components/budget/YearlyOverview.tsx
index 5957dc2..9c354d5 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/budget/YearlyOverview.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/components/budget/YearlyOverview.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import ConfirmDialog from '@/components/ConfirmDialog';
+import { MONTH_NAMES_ES_SHORT as MONTH_NAMES } from '@/lib/dates';
 import { useState, useRef, useEffect } from 'react';
 import { Pencil } from 'lucide-react';
 
@@ -15,10 +16,6 @@ import {
   TableRow,
 } from '@/components/ui/table';
 
-const MONTH_NAMES = [
-  '', 'Ene', 'Feb', 'Mar', 'Abr', 'May', 'Jun',
-  'Jul', 'Ago', 'Sep', 'Oct', 'Nov', 'Dic',
-];
 
 const FRESH_START_YEAR = 2026;
 const FRESH_START_MONTH = 3;
diff --git a/frontend/src/lib/dates.ts b/frontend/src/lib/dates.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..75f99bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/lib/dates.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+/** Single source of truth for date display — the app speaks es-CR (UX-19). */
+
+export const MONTH_NAMES_ES = [
+  '', 'Enero', 'Febrero', 'Marzo', 'Abril', 'Mayo', 'Junio',
+  'Julio', 'Agosto', 'Septiembre', 'Octubre', 'Noviembre', 'Diciembre',
+];
+
+export const MONTH_NAMES_ES_SHORT = [
+  '', 'Ene', 'Feb', 'Mar', 'Abr', 'May', 'Jun',
+  'Jul', 'Ago', 'Sep', 'Oct', 'Nov', 'Dic',
+];
+
+/** "2 abr" */
+export function formatShortDate(dateStr: string): string {
+  return new Date(dateStr).toLocaleDateString('es-CR', {
+    month: 'short',
+    day: 'numeric',
+  });
+}
+
+/** "hace 3 días" / "hace 2 horas" / "hace un momento" */
+export function formatRelativeAge(iso: string): string {
+  const ms = Date.now() - new Date(iso).getTime();
+  const hours = ms / 3_600_000;
+  if (hours < 1) return 'hace un momento';
+  if (hours < 48) return `hace ${Math.round(hours)} h`;
+  return `hace ${Math.round(hours / 24)} días`;
+}
diff --git a/frontend/src/lib/format.ts b/frontend/src/lib/format.ts
index 3976610..e968fe9 100644
--- a/frontend/src/lib/format.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/lib/format.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import { formatShortDate } from './dates';
+
 export function formatAmount(amount: number, currency: string) {
   const abs = Math.abs(amount);
   if (currency === 'BTC') return abs.toFixed(8);
@@ -17,5 +19,5 @@ export function formatLocalDatetime(d: Date): string {
 }
 
 export function formatDate(dateStr: string) {
-  return new Date(dateStr).toLocaleDateString('en-US', { month: 'short', day: 'numeric' });
+  return formatShortDate(dateStr);
 }
diff --git a/frontend/src/pages/Analytics.tsx b/frontend/src/pages/Analytics.tsx
index 65bcb3f..ebf9246 100644
--- a/frontend/src/pages/Analytics.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/pages/Analytics.tsx
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ const trendChartConfig = {
 
 const dailyChartConfig = {
   total: {
-    label: 'Daily Spending',
+    label: 'Gasto Diario',
     color: 'var(--chart-2)',
   },
 } satisfies ChartConfig;
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ export default function Analytics() {
             <BarChart3 className="w-5 h-5 text-primary" />
             <h1 className="text-2xl font-bold font-heading">Analytics</h1>
           </div>
-          <p className="text-sm text-muted-foreground mt-1">Spending breakdown and trends</p>
+          <p className="text-sm text-muted-foreground mt-1">Desglose y tendencias de gasto</p>
         </div>
         <BillingCycleSelector value={cycle} onChange={setCycle} />
       </div>
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ export default function Analytics() {
           <CardContent>
             {byCategory.length === 0 ? (
               <div className="h-64 flex items-center justify-center text-muted-foreground text-sm">
-                No data for this period
+                Sin datos para este período
               </div>
             ) : (
               <div className="flex flex-col items-center">
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ export default function Analytics() {
           <CardContent>
             {daily.length === 0 ? (
               <div className="h-48 flex items-center justify-center text-muted-foreground text-sm">
-                No data for this period
+                Sin datos para este período
               </div>
             ) : (
               <ChartContainer data-sensitive config={dailyChartConfig} className="h-[240px] w-full">
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ export default function Analytics() {
                       <ChartTooltipContent
                         formatter={(value) => formatCRC(Number(value))}
                         labelFormatter={(label) =>
-                          new Date(label).toLocaleDateString('en-US', { month: 'short', day: 'numeric' })
+                          new Date(label).toLocaleDateString('es-CR', { month: 'short', day: 'numeric' })
                         }
                       />
                     }
diff --git a/frontend/src/pages/Budget.tsx b/frontend/src/pages/Budget.tsx
index 86af5c7..b644a6a 100644
--- a/frontend/src/pages/Budget.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/pages/Budget.tsx
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import { useQuery, useQueryClient } from '@tanstack/react-query';
 import { toast } from 'sonner';
 
 import api, { type Transaction } from '@/lib/api';
+import { MONTH_NAMES_ES as MONTH_NAMES } from '@/lib/dates';
 import { useBudget } from '@/hooks/useBudget';
 import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button';
 import { Tabs, TabsContent, TabsList, TabsTrigger } from '@/components/ui/tabs';
@@ -12,10 +13,6 @@ import MonthlyDetail from '@/components/budget/MonthlyDetail';
 import RecurringItemsManager from '@/components/budget/RecurringItemsManager';
 import TransactionList from '@/components/TransactionList';
 
-const MONTH_NAMES = [
-  '', 'Enero', 'Febrero', 'Marzo', 'Abril', 'Mayo', 'Junio',
-  'Julio', 'Agosto', 'Septiembre', 'Octubre', 'Noviembre', 'Diciembre',
-];
 
 const MIN_YEAR = 2026;
 const MAX_YEAR = 2030;
diff --git a/frontend/src/pages/ServiciosMunicipales.tsx b/frontend/src/pages/ServiciosMunicipales.tsx
index 6e58deb..6ec4cd3 100644
--- a/frontend/src/pages/ServiciosMunicipales.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/pages/ServiciosMunicipales.tsx
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { useState, useCallback, useRef, useMemo } from 'react';
 import { useQuery } from '@tanstack/react-query';
+import { MONTH_NAMES_ES_SHORT as MONTH_NAMES_ES } from '@/lib/dates';
 import ErrorState from '@/components/ErrorState';
 import {
   BarChart,
@@ -53,10 +54,6 @@ const METER_COLORS: Record<string, string> = {
   '9345': '#f59e0b',
 };
 
-const MONTH_NAMES_ES = [
-  'Ene', 'Feb', 'Mar', 'Abr', 'May', 'Jun',
-  'Jul', 'Ago', 'Sep', 'Oct', 'Nov', 'Dic',
-];
 
 const DEFAULT_METER_COLOR = '#8b5cf6';
 
@@ -67,7 +64,8 @@ const formatCRC = (amount: number): string =>
 
 function periodLabel(period: string): string {
   const [yearStr, monthStr] = period.split('-');
-  const monthIdx = parseInt(monthStr, 10) - 1;
+  // The shared month array is 1-indexed ('' at index 0).
+  const monthIdx = parseInt(monthStr, 10);
   return `${MONTH_NAMES_ES[monthIdx]} ${yearStr.slice(2)}`;
 }